the impact of the situation of daylam and the alvids of ṭabaristān on the rise of the buyids with an emphasis on economic backgrounds

the buyids were originally from among the daylamids of daylam proper (khāṣ), but since the economic situation of this region was not much favorable, they joined various rules (ḥukūmas) such as the alavids of ṭabaristān and zāriyān (during the years 250/222 – 321/222) in their military uniform because of their military skills as a consequence of the circumstances in their geographical homeland and, like their ancestors, formed an important part of the military and political structure of those rules. this process had a significant role in the daylamids’ familiarization with the newer atmospheres and finally prompted the foundations for the buyids’ rule to be laid. years of serving in the courts of the above-mentioned rules resulted in somewhat more intelligent behavior of some of the buiyd rulers towards human factors involved in the economic arena and a better utilization of the natural and administrative potentials in their rather widespread realm, continuing to develop for about fifty years. gaining access to new lands and income sources and the management of the efficient bureaucratic system in the central and eastern regions of iran and iraq led the buyids’ economic structure to be established on three agricultural, industrial, and commercial components and turn to a strong backing for the endurance of their rule.